Pentagon

THE PENTAGON

 

Description:

The Pentagon, one of the largest office buildings in the world and home to the United States’ Department of Defense, has an informative web site that will introduce you to this extraordinary building. The fieldtrip will inform you of the Pentagon’s past and current history, present interesting facts that will forever stick in your brain, and tell of the first restoration project started on the Pentagon since its creation in 1943. Also available, but not part of the fieldtrip, are virtual tours on the various corridors and halls in the Pentagon, such as the Hall of Heroes and the Navajo Code Talkers Exhibit.

 

 

Goals:

 The goals and objectives of this trip are to: 1) learn about the history behind how the Pentagon was built, 2) gain an appreciation its enormous size, which allows many thousands of people to work there, and 3) to learn some fun facts about the Pentagon that you otherwise would probably never have known!

 

Research:

(Source: the Pentagon Web Site, Encyclopedia Britannica 2001 CD-ROM, and World Book Online Americas Edition)

The Pentagon, located in Virginia near Washington D.C., is the headquarters for the United States Department of Defense. Built in 1943, the Pentagon is one of the largest office buildings in the world and boasts three times the amount of floor space of the Empire State Building. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica 2001 CD-ROM, "The building consists of five concentric pentagons, or 'rings,' with 10 spokelike corridors connecting the whole." The Pentagon was built in the Stripped Neo-Classical style.

The secretary of defense is the head of the Department of Defense and part of the U.S. Cabinet. As quoted from World Book Online Americas Edition, "The department also includes (1) the Joint Chiefs of Staff, (2) the military departments, and (3) the unified combatant commands." The President picks the secretary of defense and after receiving the consent of the U.S. Senate, he is installed. World Book Online Americas Edition also writes, "The secretary's assistants deal with such matters as acquiring and building weapons, developing and protecting military communications systems, gathering intelligence, planning strategy, and preventing the spread of nuclear weapons. The secretary of defense and the assistants of the secretary are supported in their work by a number of agencies of the Department of Defense."

In the Pentagon, 4,500 cups of coffee, 1,700 pints of milk, and 6,800 soft drinks are consumed in a single day. Employees must go past 200 acres of lawn to get to the Pentagon. Over 200,000 phone calls are made in a single day. Approx. 1,200,000 letters go through the Pentagon's post office in a month. These facts just prove how big the Pentagon really is and the vast amount of people employed there.

The Pentagon is not just an extraordinary building and institution; it is a symbol of the United States, filled with people who are dedicated to protecting our country's national interests.
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Lesson Plans:

 

1) Go to the Pentagon (www.defenselink.mil./pubs/pentagon/). From time to time, the links on the web site do not work. Either skip the question below or the page you’ve been directed to and go on. When navigating a site, you may want to use your forward and back arrows, or click on the icon (link) buttons. The back arrow is the best way to get from a particular screen back to the main screen.

2) Click on “About the Pentagon,” located on the right side of the screen. Read about the history of the building, the original site, and the great size of the Pentagon.

3) Click on The Pentagon (highlighted in blue and underlined) to view an aerial photo. 

4) Using your back arrow, get back to the main screen and click on “Facts & Figures,” located on the right side of the screen. Learn interesting details unknown to many people about the Pentagon.

5) Using your back arrow, get back to the main screen and click on “Related Information.” From there, click on “Welcome to the Pentagon Publication” and finally, click on “General Information” in the blue menu bar on the left side of the screen. “General Information” gives lots of information on the actual building and particulars on how it was built.

6) Use your back arrow to go back one screen, and click on “The Pentagon Renovation Program” located in the blue menu bar on the left side of the screen. Read of how the Pentagon, which has never been renovated in its entire history, is finally receiving a renovation.

7) While not part of this fieldtrip, you might want to view the various virtual tours of the Pentagon that are available on the main screen (“Virtual Tours” is located on the right side of the main screen). Some of the tours included are the Airforce Executive Corridor, the Hall of Heroes, the MacArther Corridor, and the Navajo Code Talkers Exhibit.

 

Scavenger Hunt Questions:

 

Grades K-3:

1) True or false: is the Pentagon one of the smallest office buildings in the world?

2) In what year was the building finished?

3) Who asked that the Pentagon be built?

4) How many acres are covered by the Pentagon building?

5) How many bathrooms does the Pentagon have?

6) Where was the Pentagon originally going to be built?

7) How many sides does the Pentagon have?

8) How long does it take to walk between any points of the Pentagon?

9) How many clocks does the Pentagon have?

10) How much did it cost (approximately) to build the Pentagon?

 

Grades 4-8:

1) How much did it cost to build the Pentagon?

2) What was the original purpose of the Pentagon?

3) How many acres do the parking spaces at the Pentagon take up?

4) How many windows does the Pentagon have?

5) How was the idea of constructing a pentagonal-shaped building conceived?

6) Where was the sand that made the concrete for the building taken from?

7) What was the Pentagon designated in 1992?

8) Why was a renovation of the Pentagon essential?

9) How many floors does the Pentagon have?

10) True or false: does the Pentagon have five times the amount of floor space of the Empire State Building in New York?

 

Highschool:

1) What two kinds of employees does the Pentagon have?

2) How did the Pentagon differ from other military buildings being built at the time?

3) Why was the originally proposed site of the Pentagon, Arlington Farms, discarded? 

4) What architectural style is the Pentagon built in?

5) By constructing the Pentagon out of reinforced concrete made from 380,000 tons of sand dredged from the Potomac River and supporting it with 41,492 concrete piles, what did the designers’ ingenuity do?

6) What is the Pentagon to the United States of America?

7) What eventually would have happened to the Pentagon if it had not received a renovation?

8) When did the first occupants move into the Pentagon?

9) What is the gross floor area (in sq. ft.) of the Pentagon?

10) What are the seven phases of the Pentagon’s renovation project?

 

Further Activites…

 

·         Pretend that you’re assigned to be a member of a team in the Department of Defense created for the sole purpose of designing safety measures to keep the U.S. safe from enemies. What measures would you come up with? 

 

·         Write a paragraph on what the Pentagon means to the United States.

 

·         Design a colorful Pentagon brochure. Include a brief history, some fast facts, and pictures (drawn and/or printed from the web). Be creative & imaginative!

 

·         The Pentagon has become too small for the many people employed there. Pretend that you are the architect hired to design another building to house the second Department of Defense headquarters. What kind of building would you design and why? What would you name it? Draw a plan of your proposed building.

 

·         Pick five countries and research what their defense buildings are called and where they are located.

 

·         Write a journal entry from the perspective of a Pentagon employee who started work there in 1943. Record his thoughts on the brand-new U.S. defense building.

 

·         The Pentagon was built in 1943, only two years after the start of World War. Research what methods and/or strategies the Pentagon employed to defend the U.S. after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. 

 

  • Draw an imaginative picture of what the site of the Pentagon formally looked like, in your opinion, before construction began (the buildings formally there were old Hoover Airport, a brick factory, a pickle factory, a race track, and a low-income residential area).

 

  • Research the Stripped Neo-Classical style and write several paragraphs about it.

 

  • Research the layout of Washington D.C. Draw a map that includes the Pentagon, the buildings located nearby, and the Potomac River.

 

·         Work on your memory skills! Pick ten fun Pentagon facts, set the timer for fifteen minutes, and memorize them. You never know when you might need to them!

 

·         Pretend you are a tour guide at the Pentagon. Write a 1- 2 page speech on what you’d want to share about the Pentagon with your audience.

 

 

 




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